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St. Petersburg was founded by order of Peter I May 16, 1703 (old calendar - May 27).
Originally the town was called St. Peter Burh in honor of St. Peter and in tune with the Dutch city of Sint-Petersburg. The Dutch roots of the city's name is not surprising, since Peter I for some time studied and lived in the Netherlands. However, already in 1720 the town changed its name to familiar to us - St. Petersburg, from which are formed to reduce - Petrograd, St. Petersburg and more contemporary, Peter.
Rabbit Island As often happens in those times, the first structure was a fortress city. St. Petersburg was no exception - the cornerstone of its foundation was laid exactly 16 (27) May 1703 on Hare Island, located just a few miles from the Gulf of Finland.
The plan of the fortress castle plan drew himself Peter I. Originally the fortress walls were bulk. Strengthening of the stones were made only in 1706. The city was built on-site wetlands that drained by civilian workers. Construction of urban facilities supervised invited foreign engineers, and construction work carried out themselves masons from across the country. To speed the construction of the city, Peter I banned the construction of stone across the country, that influx of professionals into a new city. The first inhabitants of the new city as easy to guess, they became soldiers and sailors who carried the service on a given territory and forcibly brought from other regions, peasants and artisans.
Already in 1712, a young city became the capital of the Russian Empire, shelters within its walls the royal court. It is worth noting that the capital of St. Petersburg remained for over two centuries until the 1918 revolution. This time is enough to make the city was declared unofficial northern capital of the country.
In January 1725, Peter I die, but the history of St. Petersburg continues. In 1727 built the first bridge across the Neva River, which connected the Admiralty of the city of Vasilevsky Island. However, he lasted only one summer. The first permanent bridge across the Neva was built only in 1850 and received a little-known name of the Neva. Then he had three times changed his name - the Annunciation, Nicholas, and finally got the name by which we know today - the Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge.
The first Winter Palace Winter Palace of St. Petersburg history dates back to 1711, when at the direction of Peter I built a little "wooden house in the Dutch style." But in 1712 it was rebuilt and turned into a real palace. Soon was designed by IM Matarnovi was built the second Winter Palace.
And just a few years, the architect Domenico Trezzini third Winter Palace built by using the second palace as the western part of the new building. This was followed by the fourth and fifth. The most famous was the sixth Winter Palace, the great architect Rastrelli completed in 1762.
Since that time and today it remains the hallmark of the city.
In 1764 the Hermitage was built by the Hermitage (translated from French. - Retreat or hermitage).
For more than 200 years of its existence it has become the largest museum in Russia and one of the most famous in the world. It attracts millions of tourists annually from around the world.
The town continued to grow and develop. By the early 19th century, the city's population has reached 200 thousand people, which is only slightly inferior to the population of Moscow in the same period.
December 14, 1825 at the Senate Square of the city was the Decembrist uprising, which served as the first major impetus to the country's abolition of serfdom, the incident, however, only in 1861.
1917 was the year of the revolution. The February Revolution overthrew the Tsarist regime, which came to the place of the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet. This was followed by the Great October Revolution and the Civil War.
In 1918, Russia's capital Moscow was again, the policy left the city. And already in 1924, St. Petersburg was renamed Leningrad.
Leningrad blockade in World War II left its mark in heavy city's history. The Siege of Leningrad lasted 872 days - from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944. Until now, no accurate data on the number of victims - many sources say the victims from 300 thousand to 1.5 million. According to official statistics, this figure was about 700 tysyach.Gorod bled, but persevered. May 1, 1945 he was awarded the title Hero City.
September 6, 1991 Leningrad was again St. Petersburg.
Modern St. Petersburg now St. Petersburg - federal cities (along with Moscow) with developed infrastructure. Millions of Russians and foreigners seeking here to review the history iistoricheskimi monuments. St. Petersburg is considered to be the northern capital of Russia.
In fact, we describe the history of St. Petersburg in just one article - is impossible. Here lived and worked a lot of famous people of Russia and the world, there have been many beautiful works of art. This is a great city with a long, sometimes brutal, but always interesting and fascinating history.
We hope you will ever visit in this beautiful city and to enjoy its history and sights of their own eyes! |
